Hyperventilation 5 Vostfr- Today

¹ Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital, City, Country ² Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital, City, Country ³ Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Science, City, Country

The framework proposes a five‑axis model:

| Axis | Physiologic Domain | Representative Markers | |------|--------------------|------------------------| | (Ventilatory) | Central respiratory drive, lung mechanics | Minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT) | | O (Oscillatory) | Respiratory rhythm stability | Respiratory rate variability (RRV) | | S (Sympathetic) | Autonomic tone | Heart rate (HR), catecholamine levels | | T (Thermoregulatory) | Body temperature regulation | Skin temperature, sweat rate | | F (Respiratory) | Gas exchange efficiency | PaCO₂, alveolar‑arterial gradient | Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR-

Hyperventilation, VOSTFR, respiratory physiology, acute care, targeted therapy, ventilatory control 1. Introduction Hyperventilation, defined as an increase in alveolar ventilation that exceeds metabolic CO₂ production, leads to arterial hypocapnia (PaCO₂ < 35 mmHg) and a cascade of neuro‑vascular and metabolic effects (Brown & Smith, 2021). While often benign, severe or prolonged episodes can precipitate cerebral vasoconstriction, tetany, arrhythmias, and, in extreme cases, loss of consciousness (Klein et al., 2020).

The VOSTFR‑ score demonstrated excellent discriminative ability for underlying mechanisms (AUC = 0.89, 95 % CI 0.85–0.93). Axis‑specific treatment reduced median time to PaCO₂ normalization from 18 min (standard care) to 9 min (intervention) (p < 0.001). Symptom resolution within 30 min occurred in 84 % of the intervention group versus 56 % of controls (RR = 1.50, 95 % CI 1.23–1.83). No serious adverse events were observed. No serious adverse events were observed

To validate the 5 VOSTFR‑ model in a prospective cohort of adult patients presenting with acute hyperventilation and to assess the efficacy of a targeted, axis‑specific therapeutic algorithm.

Current clinical practice typically categorizes hyperventilation into , metabolic , and neurologic types (American Thoracic Society, 2019). However, this taxonomy does not capture the multidimensional nature of the response, which involves intertwined ventilatory, autonomic, thermoregulatory, and respiratory‐muscle components. which involves intertwined ventilatory

Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR‑: A Novel Classification and Therapeutic Framework for Acute Respiratory Dysregulation