Fm 31 28 Fouo Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat 1 December 1999 25 Page

FM 31‑28 Title: Special Forces (Airborne) Advanced Urban Combat Date: 1 December 1999 Status: Interim / Draft Final (pre‑9/11 urban warfare doctrine)

This field manual was developed by the U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School to fill a critical gap in existing urban operations doctrine. While FM 90‑10-1 (1981) and FM 3‑06 (still in development) addressed conventional large‑unit urban combat, FM 31‑28 focused specifically on Special Forces (SF) A‑Team and ODA‑level operations inside dense urban environments – including high‑rise buildings, subterranean systems, and informal settlements. FM 31‑28 Title: Special Forces (Airborne) Advanced Urban