This is a fascinating request. The is not just a materials property database; it is the "bible" for failure analysis, heat treating, and structural design. However, because I cannot directly distribute a PDF file (copyright restrictions), I will provide you with a high-value "Treasure Map" .
Search your library database for "ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels (ISBN 978-0-87170-729-9)" . When you find the PDF, immediately print pages 150-170 (The Hardenability section) and tape them to your workshop wall. asm specialty handbook carbon and alloy steels pdf
You have a 3-inch thick axle that needs 35 HRC (hardness). You have 1045 steel (cheap) vs. 4140 steel (expensive). This is a fascinating request